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The Political Budget Cycle of Municipalities in The Czech Republic
Pinlová, Adriana ; Kalabiška, Roman (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the political budget cycle at the municipal level in the Czech Republic. Using a sample of all 6 254 municipalities observed between 2010 and 2022, it examines whether elected councillors manipulate the public budget in an attempt to secure re-election. Using a fixed effects model, it anal- yses the influence of election and pre-election year on changes in the volume and structure of municipal expenditures. The thesis also offers a comparison of municipalities with extended powers, municipalities with an authorised mu- nicipal office and the remaining smaller municipalities. The results confirm the presence of a political budget cycle for all types of municipalities in the Czech Republic. Before elections, there is usually a reduction in current expenditures (especially in the area of administration) and a subsequent increase in capital expenditures (especially in the areas of transport, culture, sport and leisure activities), which are highly visible and attractive to voters.
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Political budget cycle of regional expenditures
Bendžíková, Iva ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Holub, Tomáš (referee)
Decisions of elected politicians affect all citizens of a given territory without any exception, for the next few years. For that reason, many potential voters try to analyze the former behavior of possible candidates, since they assume the consistency in the previous behavior and decision- making with their performance in the following period. This paper provides a unique disaggregated view of selected items of regional budgets that have not been investigated in connection with the existence of political-budget cycles in existing empirical research yet. The econometric analysis of panel data collected from thirteen regions (due to its specific nature Prague is not considered) over the period 2001-2016 unambiguously confirmed the existence of political-budget cycles at the regional level in the Czech Republic, that is characterized by a significant increase in total current and capital expenditures in the pre- electoral and the electoral years in comparison with the non-electoral years. In accordance with the further hypothesis of the thesis, we observe the significant increase especially in groups of spending that are attractive and easily recognizable to voters. These include for example expenditures on health, culture or environmental protection. Moreover, it has been proven, that some...
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Tax Changes, Economic and Election Cycle
NOVÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis is focused on the tax changes in the Czech Republic. It examines the taxes' influence during the election period. The thesis starting with Tax Theory and Theory of Public Choice. The general government establishes the taxes; however, there are special-interest groups and bureaucracy, which enforce their interest. The government changes the tax rates to prevent cyclical fluctuations in the economy. The opportunistic theory says that politicians encourage measures that represents the Median Voter in order to be re-elected. The ideological theory says that there is a difference between leftist and rightist parties. These theories are investigated under the conditions of the Czech Republic in 1995 and 2016. The thesis is focused on changes of the revenue side of the state budget. The data are used and are available on the website of the Czech Statistical Office, Finanční správa ČR, AMECO and Revenue Statistics of OECD. To demonstrate of political budget cycle is used the Least Squares Method. The explained variable is tax quota and the revenues of individual taxes. The explanatory variables are: election year, year after election and the reign of the leftist party, which is called Česká sociálně demo-kratická strana (ČSSD). The next explanatory variables are enter of the Czech Republic to European Union and the debt of state budget. The result is to prove the existence of the ideological concept of political-budget cycle in the Czech Republic.
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Political cycles: Do the politics buy their voters' ballots with higher expenditures?
Fischerová, Veronika ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Procházka, Pavel (referee)
The present thesis is concerned with the existence of political cycles in European Union member states between 1990 and 2013. These cycles are of two types: political business cycles and political budget cycles. The analysis was performed by means of the fixed effects method (using first differences) along with a visual analysis of data. The results obtained from three types of data sets show that two years before elections, inflation grows at 0.47%, unemployment rate at 0.5%, and structural balance at 0.8%. One of the data sets reveals that structural balance is reduced by 0.39% in election years. The visual analysis clearly demonstrates that there exist political business cycles in Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Poland and Sweden. Political budget cycles have been proven to exist in Belgium, France, Cyprus, Malta, Germany, Slovakia and the United Kingdom.
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The political budget cycle cities in Czech Republic
BROŽOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this work is to find and evaluate the existence of a political budget cycle in cities in Czech Republic. For the analysis was used data 21 statutory towns in the period from 2001 to 2012. The research was conducted so that test the dependence of the fi-nancial indicators of the electoral cycle. As a method of exploration was used the panel regression with fixed effects. The results confirmed the dependence of local taxes, capi-tal income and capital expenditure for the election cycle. Revenues from local taxes are lower in the pre-election and the election year. Income from capital income is higher in the pre-election and the election year and the income from capital expenditures is higher in the pre-election and the election year. For budgetary indicators of immovable proper-ty tax, non-tax revenue and current expenditure the electoral cycle was not confirmed. The research hypothesis was confirmed, since the development of the municipal budget through local taxation, capital income and capital expenditure are influenced by the electoral cycle. In the Czech Republic at the municipal level the political budget cycle is presented.
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